Over the past decade, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has become an indispensable tool for
transcriptome-wide analysis of differential gene expression and differential splicing of …

Traditional annotation of protein-encoding genes relied on assumptions, such as one open
reading frame (ORF) encodes one protein and minimal lengths for translated proteins. With …

Abstract Ribosome profiling (Ribo-Seq) has proven transformative for our understanding of
the human genome and proteome by illuminating thousands of noncanonical sites of …

Translated small open reading frames (smORFs) can have important regulatory roles and
encode microproteins, yet their genome-wide identification has been challenging. We …

Translation is one of the fundamental processes of life. It comprises the assembly of
polypeptides whose amino acid sequence corresponds to the codon sequence of an …

Functional protein-coding small open reading frames (smORFs) are emerging as an
important class of genes. However, the number of translated smORFs in the human genome …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells often invade the portal venous system and
subsequently develop into portal vein tumour thrombosis (PVTT). Long noncoding RNAs …

Throughout their lives, plants sense many developmental and environmental stimuli, and
activation of optimal responses against these stimuli requires extensive transcriptional …

Eukaryotic transcriptomes contain a major non–protein-coding component that includes
precursors of small RNAs as well as long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs). Here, we utilized the …

Changes in gene expression are at the core of most biological processes, from cell
differentiation to organ development, including the adaptation of the whole organism to the …