Sustainable roofs, such as those with greenery and photovoltaic panels, contribute to the
roadmap for reducing the carbon footprint of cities. However, research on sustainable urban …

The surging global population and urbanization trends present new challenges to food
production systems and energy, especially in resource-limited urban environments. Vertical …

Urban areas have been significantly affected by climate change, leading to an increase in
global temperatures. Nature-based solutions, including Vertical Greenery Systems (VGSs) …

Commercial complex greening is the alternative to leading the greening development of
public buildings, reducing the negative impact of buildings on the environment, and …

As urban crowding has increased globally, the construction industry has not
commensurately focused on environmental sustainability or the quality of urban life. In this …

Previous studies have shown that building greenery systems could provide passive cooling
for buildings. However, window gardens, a type of building greenery system that extends …

Accurate cost predictions are a prerequisite for sustainable investment in green building
projects (GBPs), yet redundant project characteristics negatively impact cost predictions. To …

Greenery is one of the most influential factors in reducing the outdoor air temperature and
enhancing the microclimate in hot areas. Previous studies focused on studying Urban Heat …

Building vertical greenery has become an effective measure to solve the contradiction
between the shortage of urban greenery and the increasing demand for greenery. However …

Singapore is one of the most populous countries, and the majority of the population stays in
high-rise public flats. In 2021, there were about 1.1 million public residential units, of which …