• The specific situation of the patient. Unless otherwise provided for by national regulations,
off-label use of medication should be limited to situations where it is in the patient's interest …

Background Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are handheld electronic va** devices which
produce an aerosol formed by heating an e‐liquid. Some people who smoke use ECs to …

Hypertension is the most important modifiable cause of cardiovascular (CV) disease and all-
cause mortality worldwide. Despite the positive correlations between blood pressure (BP) …

Hypertension, defined as persistently elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP)> 140 mmHg
and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at least 90 mmHg (International Society of …

Background Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are handheld electronic va** devices that
produce an aerosol by heating an e‐liquid. People who smoke, healthcare providers, and …

Introduction Over the last decade, e-cigarette use has been on the rise but with growing
health concerns. The objective of this systematic review was to update findings for chronic …

Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death worldwide.
The most important method of preventing hypertension is social awareness of its causes. An …

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity
and mortality, poor functional status, and lower quality of life. Cigarette smoking is a major …

E-cigarettes are often marketed as a safer alternative to combustible cigarettes. However,
their health effects, especially those associated with long-term use, remain largely uncertain …

Elevated circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major risk factor of
atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Early control of LDL-C to prevent ASCVD …