The role of seasonality is indisputable in climate and ecosystem dynamics. Seasonal
temperature and precipitation variability are of vital importance for the availability of food …

This article discusses the properties and occurrence of an active layer (AL) in the near-
surface of the lithosphere in glacial and periglacial environments. This layer shows a …

The origin of white calcite silts forming 0.5 to 3‐cm‐thick lenses in alluvial fan deposits 14C‐
dated to the Last Glacial Maximum in the Dronne Valley (Dordogne, southwest France) is …

The culmination of the glaciers in the European Alps during the Last Glacial Maximum
(LGM) is one of the most intensively studied paleoglaciological events, but its trigger and …

This book provides a general survey of Geocryology, which is the study of frozen ground
called permafrost. Frozen ground is the product of cold climates as well as a variety of …

The investigation of carbonate formation at low temperature during weathering of ultramafic
rocks has become increasingly important as it represents an analog study for a cost-efficient …

Common models for modern calcite precipitation in and around caves, soils, springs and
streams involve CO2 supplied by thick, high pCO2 biogenic soils which were probably thin …

Cryogenic cave carbonate (CCC) represents a specific type of speleothem whose
precipitation is triggered by freezing of mineralized karst water. Coarsely crystalline CCC …

Frozen water is the most widespread type of ice present in ice caves and forms ice
stalagmites and stalactites as well as floor ice, which is often several meters thick. Organic …

During repository building measures a natural river was relocated and the water was
directed through a new, artificial river bed lined with a concrete basement and local …