Schistosomiasis is a major cause of morbidity in humans invoked by chronic infection with
parasitic trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. Schistosomes have a complex life-cycle …

The transition from a human diet based exclusively on wild plants and animals to one
involving dependence on domesticated plants and animals beginning 10,000 to 11,000 y …

The adoption of agriculture in several parts of the world during the early Neolithic period led
to a fundamental change in human migration. By introducing newly domesticated crops into …

Neanderthals and modern humans both occupied the Levant for tens of thousands of years
prior to the spread of modern humans into the rest of Eurasia and their replacement of the …

Reconstructing the history—such as the place of birth and death—of an individual sample is
a fundamental goal in ancient DNA (aDNA) studies. However, knowing the place of death …

Viruses closely related to human pathogens can reveal the origins of human infectious
diseases. Human herpes simplexvirus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are hypothesized …

The recent discovery that malignant neoplastic lesions date back nearly 2 million years ago
not only highlights the antiquity of cancer in the human lineage, but also provides …

Background The archaeological incidence of ancient human faecal material provides a rare
opportunity to explore the taxonomic composition and metabolic capacity of the ancestral …

Infectious disease is central to the human experience. It has served as a major source of
selection on human populations (Armelagos & Dewey, 1970) and consequently many of the …

The human gut is inhabited by overcrowded prokaryotic communities, a major component of
which is the virome, comprised of viruses, bacteriophages, archaea, eukaryotes and …