Escherichia coli is a commensal of the vertebrate gut that is increasingly involved in various
intestinal and extra-intestinal infections as an opportunistic pathogen. Numerous pathotypes …

Harnessing the process of natural selection to obtain and understand new microbial
phenotypes has become increasingly possible due to advances in culturing techniques …

Background and objectives To understand how organisms evolve, it is fundamental to study
how mutations emerge and establish. Here, we estimated the rate of mutation accumulation …

Global climate change (GCC) increasingly threatens biodiversity through the loss of species,
and the transformation of entire ecosystems. Many species are challenged by the pace of …

Essential gene functions underpin the core reactions required for cell viability, but their
contributions and relationships are poorly studied in vivo. Using CRISPR interference, we …

Over the past century, Escherichia coli has become one of the best studied organisms on
earth. Features such as genetic tractability, favorable growth conditions, well characterized …

It is increasingly important to improve our understanding of the genetic basis of local
adaptation because of its relevance to climate change, crop and animal production, and …

Improvements in DNA synthesis and sequencing have underpinned comprehensive
assessment of gene function in bacteria and eukaryotes. Genome-wide analyses require …

Adaptation by natural selection depends on the rates, effects and interactions of many
mutations, making it difficult to determine what proportion of mutations in an evolving lineage …

Temperature impacts biological systems across all length and timescales. Cells and the
enzymes that comprise them respond to temperature fluctuations on short timescales, and …