There is a general assumption that animal species that face anthropogenic disturbance
through tourism suffer some negative impacts as a result. We carried out a meta-analysis of …

Human disturbance to wildlife is a growing topic of concern owing to increasing human
access to the countryside. Here we use systematic review methodology to specifically …

For many animals, behavioural adjustments represent the first response to human-modified
conditions. By improving reproduction and survival, such adjustments can play the lead in …

Individuals often consistently differ in personalities and behaviours that allow them to cope
with environmental variation. Flight initiation distance (FID) has been measured in a variety …

One way to manage disturbance to waterbirds in natural areas where humans require
access is to promote the occurrence of stimuli for which birds tolerate closer approaches …

Behavioral studies are fundamental to understanding how animal populations face global
change. Although much research has centered upon the idea that individuals can adaptively …

Human-induced rapid environmental changes challenge individuals by creating
evolutionarily novel scenarios, where species encounter novel enemies, the new species …

Flight initiation distance (FID), a measure of an animal's tolerance to human disturbance and
a descriptor of its fear of humans, is increasingly employed for conservation purposes and to …

Abstract US Fish and Wildlife Service biologists determine effects from disturbance to
threatened and endangered bird species, and staffs of federal and state agencies estimate …

Intense human persecution of wildlife in the past selected for shy individuals that survived in
suboptimal refuge habitats. It appears that this long‐term conflict is coming to an end in …