Marine biofouling has negatively affected human sailing since ancient times. Traditional
antifouling coatings were banned worldwide in 2003 due to their toxicity towards nontarget …

There has been tremendous interest in the development of different innovative wear‐
resistant materials, which can help to reduce energy losses resulted from friction and wear …

Leaves have developed various functional structures to enhance plant survival, making
them the most typical bionic prototypes. Bionic research inspired by plant leaves has yielded …

Many organisms in nature thrive in intricate habitats through their unique bio-adhesive
surfaces, facilitating tasks such as capturing prey and reproduction. It's important to note that …

Bio-inspired macrostructure array (MAA, size: submillimeter to millimeter scale) materials
with special wettability (MAAMs-SW) have attracted significant research attention due to their …

Wetting behaviors of structured metal surfaces have received considerable attention due to
the wide range of applications for commercial, industrial, and military uses as well as …

Researchers and engineers have been fascinated by the way weak organic and inorganic
components naturally combine to create strong and long-lasting structures for the past few …

Because of the environmental and economic casualties of biofouling on maritime navigation,
modern studies have been devoted toward formulating advanced nanoscale composites in …

Nature provides examples of resilient materials and structures with optimised morphologies
and topologies to achieve excellent mechanical and structural properties and sustainable …

In nature, millions of creatures, such as geckos, tree frogs, octopuses, etc., have evolved
fantastic switchable adhesion capabilities to climb swiftly on vertical even inverted surfaces …