Plants confront multifarious environmental stresses widely divided into abiotic and biotic
stresses, of which heavy metal stress represents one of the most damaging abiotic stresses …

Pollution of plants by heavy metals is a critical health issue because metals can be
transmitted to animals and humans. Heavy metal exposure induces an oxidative stress in …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in plant
development and stress responses. Loss-of-function analysis of miRNA genes has been …

MicroRNAs (miRNA s) are endogenous, noncoding small RNAs that function as critical
regulators of gene expression. In plants, miRNA s have shown their potential as regulators …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a distinct groups of single-stranded non-coding, tiny regulatory
RNAs approximately 20–24 nucleotides in length. miRNAs negatively influence gene …

Arsenic (As) contamination of paddy rice is a serious threat all over the world particularly in
South East Asia. Selenium (Se) plays important role in protection of plants against various …

Heavy metal exposure has soared due to the twentieth century's industrial activity. The most
common heavy metals that lead to human poisoning are mercury, cadmium, and arsenic …

Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating of genes involved in
major physiological processes including growth, development, and responses to biotic and …

Arsenic (As) is one of the most toxic environmental contaminants that is ubiquitously
distributed in the environment. Millions of people worldwide suffer from As poisoning due to …

Main conclusion A critical investigation into arsenic uptake and transportation, its phytotoxic
effects, and defense strategies including complex signaling cascades and regulatory …