Cancer immunotherapy and vaccine development have significantly improved the fight
against cancers. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, particularly in the clinical …

The clinical responses observed following treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors
(ICIs) support immunotherapy as a potential anticancer treatment. However, a large …

Increasing evidence indicates that immunotherapy is hindered by a hostile tumor
microenvironment (TME) featured with deprivation of critical nutrients and pooling of …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are pathologically activated neutrophils and
monocytes with potent immunosuppressive activity. They are implicated in the regulation of …

A growing body of evidence indicates that, over the course of evolution of the immune
system, arginine has been selected as a node for the regulation of immune responses. An …

It is well established that multifactorial drug resistance hinders successful cancer treatment.
Tumor cell interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME) are crucial in epithelial …

Simple Summary Ferroptosis is a type of cell death, which is morphologically and
mechanistically distinct from other type of cell death pathways such as apoptosis and …

Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) are pathologically
activated neutrophils that are crucial for the regulation of immune responses in cancer …

Amino acid metabolism is a critical regulator of the immune response, and its modulating
becomes a promising approach in various forms of immunotherapy. Insufficient …

Cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which are important in chronic
inflammatory diseases, can increase tumor incidence and promote tumor growth and …