Rodent models of brain disorders including neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and
neurodegenerative diseases are essential for increasing our understanding of underlying …

In various areas of the bio-medical, pharmacological and psychological research a multitude
of behavioural tests have been used to investigate the effects of environmental, genetic and …

Background Aging is considered to be associated with progressive changes in the brain and
its associated sensory, motor, and cognitive functions. A large number of studies comparing …

The elevated plus maze is a widely used behavioral assay for rodents and it has been
validated to assess the anti-anxiety effects of pharmacological agents and steroid hormones …

Routine laboratory animal handling has profound effects on their anxiety and stress
responses, but little is known about the impact of handling method. We found that picking up …

The open field test (OFT) is a common measure of exploratory behavior and general activity
in both mice and rats, where both the quality and quantity of the activity can be measured …

As well as being considered a reliable measurement instrument of animal anxiety-like
behavior, the elevated plus-maze (EPM) is also used as a post-hoc test to evaluate …

A large variety of rodent behavioral tests are currently being used to evaluate traits such as
sensory-motor function, social interactions, anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior …

Most in vivo models of ischaemic stroke target the middle cerebral artery and a spectrum of
stroke severities, from mild to substantial, can be achieved. This review describes …

Tests based on hyponeophagia phenomena are the most widely used to check the efficacy
and efficiency of new-generation chronic antidepressant treatments. Even so, these tests …