Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute the largest subdivision of the transforming
growth factor-β family of ligands. BMPs exhibit widespread utility and pleiotropic, context …

The development of biological methods over the past decade has stimulated great interest in
the possibility to regenerate human tissues. Advances in stem cell research, gene therapy …

Injuries to the musculoskeletal system are common, debilitating and expensive. In many
cases, healing is imperfect, which leads to chronic impairment. Gene transfer might improve …

There is a growing socio-economic need for effective strategies to repair damaged bone
resulting from disease, trauma and surgical intervention. Bone tissue engineering has …

More than 2 million bone-grafting procedures are performed each year using autografts or
allografts. However, both options carry disadvantages, and there remains a clear medical …

Allografts remain the clinical “gold standard” for treatment of critical sized bone defects
despite minimal engraftment and∼ 60% long-term failure rates. Therefore, the development …

Bone loss associated with fracture nonunion, revision total joint arthroplasty (TJA), and
pseudoarthrosis of the spine presents a challenging clinical scenario for the orthopaedic …

Abstract Treatment of complex bone defects places a significant burden on the US health
care system. Current strategies for treatment include grafting and stabilization using internal …

Gene delivery to bone is useful both as an experimental tool and as a potential therapeutic
strategy. Among its advantages over protein delivery are the potential for directed, sustained …

Gene therapy has converged with bone engineering over the past decade, by which a
variety of therapeutic genes have been delivered to stimulate bone repair. These genes can …