This paper provides a review on three streams of life cycle studies that have been frequently
applied to evaluate the environmental impacts of building construction with a major focus on …

Approximately half of the annual global energy supply is consumed in constructing,
operating, and maintaining buildings. Because most of this energy comes from fossil fuels, it …

Global awareness of environmental impacts such as climate change and depletion of ozone
layer has increased significantly in the last few years and the implication for emissions …

With the world's uncertain energy outlook, buildings should be designed and constructed to
use lesser fossil fuel-based energy and have lower environmental impacts. In the past …

Buildings use approximately 48% of global energy each year in their construction and
operation as embodied and operating energy. The embodied energy is used directly …

Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of various management tools for evaluating
environmental concerns. This paper reviews LCA from a buildings perspective. It highlights …

Since buildings have considerable impacts on the environment, it has become necessary to
pay more attention to environmental performance in building design. However, it is a difficult …

This paper reviews the thermal performance of the existing UK housing stock, the main
fabric efficiency incentive schemes and the barriers to obtaining deep energy and CO2 …

A major objective in the design and operation of buildings is to maintain occupant comfort
without incurring significant energy use. Particularly in narrower-plan buildings, the …

The embodied carbon emissions of buildings are increasingly important to mitigate. Most of
these emissions come from structural systems. While many strategies have been identified …