In the coming years and decades, advanced space-and ground-based observatories will
allow an unprecedented opportunity to probe the atmospheres and surfaces of potentially …

We describe how environmental context can help determine whether oxygen (O2) detected
in extrasolar planetary observations is more likely to have a biological source. Here we …

Abstract The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will offer the first opportunity to
characterize terrestrial exoplanets with sufficient precision to identify high mean molecular …

The early Earth's environment is controversial. Climatic estimates range from hot to glacial,
and inferred marine pH spans strongly alkaline to acidic. Better understanding of early …

Recognizing whether a planet can support life is a primary goal of future exoplanet spectral
characterization missions, but past research on habitability assessment has largely ignored …

Understanding the impact of active M dwarf stars on the atmospheric equilibrium and
surface conditions of a habitable zone Earth-like planet is key to assessing M dwarf planet …

Finding life on exoplanets from telescopic observations is an ultimate goal of exoplanet
science. Life produces gases and other substances, such as pigments, which can have …

The TRAPPIST-1 planetary system provides an unprecedented opportunity to study
terrestrial exoplanet evolution with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and ground …

The detection of exoplanets orbiting other stars has revolutionized our view of the cosmos.
First results suggest that it is teeming with a fascinating diversity of rocky planets, including …

Exoplanet hunting efforts have revealed the prevalence of exotic worlds with diverse
properties, including Earth-sized bodies, which has fueled our endeavor to search for life …