Nonmetallic inclusions are well known to influence product quality and process stability in
the production of steel. A process step that is very sensitive to the presence of nonmetallic …

The kinetic modeling for the nucleation, size growth, and compositional evolution of
nonmetallic inclusions in steel was extensively reviewed in the present article. The …

A plant trial of the productions of LCAK steel was performed, and characteristics of
inclusions during LF refining and calcium treatment were investigated. Besides …

Calcium treatment is a well-established way to modify solid alumina inclusions to liquid or
partially liquid calcium aluminates. Spinels (Al 2 O 3· x MgO) can also form in liquid steel …

Heat treatment of Type 304 stainless steel in the range of 1273 K (1000° C) to 1473 K
(1200° C) can transform manganese silicate inclusions to manganese chromite (spinel) …

The laboratory experiments of Al 2 O 3 inclusions modified by calcium treatment in linepipe
steels with the S content of 30 ppm and 310 ppm were performed at 1873 K. Particularly …

In this study, oxide particle evolution during additive manufacturing was modelled to
elucidate the evolution and suggest effective ways to increase oxide-dispersion …

Control of non-metallic inclusions is essential for the production of high-quality steel. This
review summarizes processes that change inclusion compositions and concentrations …

Localized attack can negatively affect the mechanical properties and durability of high
strength low alloy steels. The present work investigates the effect of inclusions on the …

The refractory–slag–metal–inclusion multiphase reaction model was developed by
integrating the refractory–slag, slag–metal, and metal–inclusion elementary reactions in …