All forms of energy follow the law of conservation of energy, by which they can be neither
created nor destroyed. Light-to-heat conversion as a traditional yet constantly evolving …

Advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest and
play key roles in scientific innovations in diverse fields. In particular, increased attention has …

As an excellent fluorescent nanomaterial, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have the properties
of small molecular weight, small particle size, high fluorescence stability, no optical flicker …

Photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles, or carbon dots, are an emerging class of materials
that has recently attracted considerable attention for biomedical and energy applications …

Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted considerable attention as a new type of fluorescent
carbon nanomaterial because of their excellent optical properties, biocompatibility, and high …

Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) using
small-molecule dyes has high potential for clinical use. However, many NIR-II dyes suffer …

Second near-infrared photothermal therapy (NIR-II PTT, 1000–1500 nm) has recently
emerged as a new phototherapeutic modality with the advantages of deeper penetration …

Optical imaging in disease diagnosis and treatment benefits from high spatiotemporal
resolution and the availability of numerous optical agents. However, many optical imaging …

Fluorescent silk has promising applications in dazzling textiles, biological engineering, and
medical products, but the natural Bombyx mori silk has almost no fluorescence. Here carbon …

Carbon dots (CDs) are usually smaller than 10 nm in size, and are meticulously formulated
and recently introduced nanomaterials, among the other types of carbon-based …