Plant roots associate with diverse microbes (including bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and
viruses) collectively called the root-associated microbiome. Among them, mycorrhizal fungi …

Plants encounter a myriad of microorganisms, particularly at the root–soil interface, that can
invade with detrimental or beneficial outcomes. Prevalent beneficial associations between …

Abstract In rice, the Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase OsDMI3 is an important
positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. In ABA signaling, H 2 O 2 is required for …

Rhizobial bacteria enter a symbiotic association with leguminous plants, resulting in
differentiated bacteria enclosed in intracellular compartments called symbiosomes within …

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), a symbiosis between plants and members of an ancient
phylum of fungi, the Glomeromycota, improves the supply of water and nutrients, such as …

Nuclear calcium oscillations are a hallmark of symbiotically stimulated plant root cells.
Activation of the central nuclear decoder, calcium-and calmodulin-dependent kinase …

Legumes are highly important food, feed and biofuel crops. With few exceptions, they can
enter into an intricate symbiotic relationship with specific soil bacteria called rhizobia. This …

Legumes form symbiotic associations with either nitrogen-fixing bacteria or arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi. Formation of these two symbioses is regulated by a common set of …

The formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules on legumes requires an integration of infection by
rhizobia at the root epidermis and the initiation of cell division in the cortex, several cell …

Root system architecture (RSA)–the spatial configuration of a root system–is an important
developmental and agronomic trait, with implications for overall plant architecture, growth …