Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder,
characterized by dopaminergic neurodegeneration, motor impairment and non-motor …

Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
(MDMA;'ecstasy'), in addition to having abuse potential, may elicit acute and persistent …

In recent years, there has been considerable research showing that coffee consumption
seems to be beneficial to human health, as it contains a mixture of different bioactive …

The adenosine A 2A receptor is a major target of caffeine, the most widely used
psychoactive substance worldwide. Large epidemiological studies have long shown …

Withania somnifera (WS) is utilized in Ayurvedic medicine owing to its central and peripheral
beneficial properties. Several studies have accrued indicating that the recreational …

It is now well-accepted that psychostimulants act on glial cells causing neuroinflammation
and adding to the neurotoxic effects of such substances. Neuroinflammation can be …

Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that psychostimulants, in addition to having abuse
potential, may elicit brain dysfunctions and/or neurotoxic effects. Central toxicity induced by …

Nowadays, daily food supplementation regarding the improvement of physical and mental
performance is a growing trend in sport practitioners, young students and active people …

Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that synthetic psychoactive substances, in addition to
having abuse potential, may elicit toxic effects of varying severity at the peripheral and …

Several lines of evidence have strongly implicated neuroinflammation in Parkinson's
disease (PD) progression and l-dopa-induced dyskinesia. The present study investigated …