Hydrogels are polymer networks infiltrated with water. Many biological hydrogels in animal
bodies such as muscles, heart valves, cartilages, and tendons possess extreme mechanical …

Abstract 3D printing alias additive manufacturing can transform 3D virtual models created by
computer-aided design (CAD) into physical 3D objects in a layer-by-layer manner …

Two dry surfaces can instantly adhere upon contact with each other through intermolecular
forces such as hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions and van der Waals interactions …

Hydrogels that provide mechanical support and sustainably release therapeutics have been
used to treat tendon injuries. However, most hydrogels are insufficiently tough, release …

Because human-computer interactions are increasingly important, touch panels may require
stretchability and biocompatibility in order to allow integration with the human body …

Recently, understanding of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has expanded rapidly due to the
accessibility of cellular and molecular techniques and the growing potential and value for …

To understand the underlying mechanisms of progressive neurophysiological phenomena,
neural interfaces should interact bi-directionally with brain circuits over extended periods of …

In many animals, the bonding of tendon and cartilage to bone is extremely tough (for
example, interfacial toughness∼ 800 J m− 2; refs,), yet such tough interfaces have not been …

Despite tremendous advances in the field of regenerative medicine, it still remains
challenging to repair the osteochondral interface and full-thickness articular cartilage …

Animal bodies are mainly composed of hydrogels—polymer networks infiltrated with water.
Most biological hydrogels are mechanically flexible yet robust, and they accommodate …