Cortisol, a critical glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, plays a pivotal
role in various physiological processes. Its release is finely orchestrated by the …

Mood disorders are associated with elevated inflammation, and the reduction of symptoms
after multiple treatments is often accompanied by pro-inflammation restoration. A variety of …

The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function,
regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also …

The incidence of depression and anxiety is amplified by obesity. Mounting evidence reveals
that the psychiatric consequences of obesity stem from poor diet, inactivity, and visceral …

Psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent, often devastating diseases that negatively impact
the lives of millions of people worldwide. Although their etiological and diagnostic …

Over the past two decades, compelling evidence has emerged indicating that immune
mechanisms can contribute to the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and …

Findings from numerous laboratories and across neuroimaging modalities have consistently
shown that exogenous administration of cytokines or inflammatory stimuli that induce …

Introduction: There has long been an interest in the effects of diet on mental health, and the
interaction of the two with stress; however, the nature of these relationships is not well …

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in a subset of individuals upon exposure to
traumatic stress. In addition to well-defined psychological and behavioral symptoms, some …

Abstract Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression is a biologically plausible, multi-
level theory that describes neural, physiologic, molecular, and genomic mechanisms that …